Bardsey's Wildlife

Friday 23 September 2016

Winds moved round to a more southerly direction and increased considerably throughout the day making censusing more difficult and probably cloaking any visible movements or changes in numbers of birds, particularly smaller passerines.

Although reaching quite forceful winds towards the back end of the day visible passage out at sea off the coast was minimal. A Skua spent the afternoon frustratingly distant and briefly popping above the swell to then drop down on the sea again and disappear completely. Gannets passed in small amounts, totalling 33, and one Fulmar, three Manx Shearwaters and 53 Razorbills were seen. A small number of Gulls were also counted, three Black-headed Gulls, four Lesser Back-backed Gulls, two Herring Gulls, four Greater Black-backed Gulls and 66 Kittiwakes.

Goldcrest numbers were the most notable increase with 39 logged today, most of them preferring the mature spruce trees of the Plantation. With them were a small number of Phylloscopus Warblers, three Chiffchaffs and three Willow Warblers and a single Blackcap. Overhead a Siskin and six Goldfinches headed north, as did a small number of Hirundines amounting to six Swallows and a House Martin. A Sparrowhawk, an adult male and a Kestrel spent the day hunting around the island, two Water Rails squealed in the withies and two Little Owls called with their cat like "kee-ew". Pipit numbers were fairly consistent again, Meadow Pipits were found in small groups through the low lying areas of the island and numbered 50 whilst Rock Pipits, mostly favouring the Narrows and southern parts of the island stood at a healthy 51. Numbers of Wagtails logged had certainly decreased as no counts broke into the tens and just five Pied Wagtails and four White Wagtails were seen. Linnets totalled 124 and were the most numerous passerine of the day concentrated mostly around the Narrows and flitted through the grasses uttering their jittery, rubbery, squeaky calls to each other. Choughs around this time of year start to increase in number after the lull of breeding birds leaving the island for the mainland, these birds are now returning, along with other individuals from the mainland. Soon they will be frequenting Solfach, the main beach on the island, and sifting through the sand and seaweed in noisy groups, 25 were seen today. Other notables today included one Stonechat, four Wheatears, and 34 Mallards.

A similar affair down around the Narrows produced numbers consistent with the past week or so. Oystercatchers clocked in at 52, dotted around the rocks and grassy fields. Whilst on the beaches and bays seven Ringed Plovers (bottom Picture), two Knot (top picture), a good number and increase of Purple Sandpipers came to 15, there were 21 Dunlins (middle picture), 54 Curlews, 11 Redshanks, 86 Turnstones and elsewhere three Whimbrels, three Snipes and two Bar-tailed Godwits.

Unsurprisingly very few Lepidoptera were recorded today, six Red Admirals and two Speckled Woods were the only noted, other than individuals from the moth traps run.

A nice addition in the moth trap at Nant was this Vestal, an immigrant moth of which a few have been recorded on the island in the past week

A Western Conifer Seed Bug was found at Cristin - this represents the third record for the island

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Click to see inside!

Edited by Mike Archer, Mark Grantham, Peter Howlett and Steve Stansfield and published by T & AD Poyser, this fabulous book describes how much has changed since the first edition of Bird Observatories in Britain and Ireland was published in 1976. There are detailed accounts of the history and work carried out at each of the 18 observatories, with personal accounts by wardens and staff of the excitement of discovering a rarity, watching thousands of migrants attracted to a lighthouse after dark, and the pleasure and experiences that working at some of the country’s most remote and beautiful locations can bring. Click the picture of the book to see inside or to buy your copy.

Migrants

Being sited on the main migration route of many species, Bardsey (or Ynys Enlli in Welsh) is a well-known site for migrant birds, turning up many scarcities and rarities, as well as large numbers of common migrants. The island’s list now stands on 326, after the recent addition of Citrine Wagtail in October 2012.

Although Bardsey’s reputation for rare birds may not quite match that of some observatories, it is almost certainly the best site in Wales for rarities. Among Bardsey’s rarer visitors are the first Summer Tanager (1957) and Yellow Warbler (1964) to have been recorded in Britain and Ireland, as well as American vagrants such American Bittern, Sora, Kildeer, Spotted Sandpiper, Grey-cheeked Thrush, American Robin, Song Sparrow, Dark-eyed Junco, Red-eyed Vireo, Black-and-white Warbler, Common Yellowthroat, Rose-breasted Grosbeak and Blackpoll Warbler. To add to this impressive list of rarities, Black-winged Stilt, Lesser Yellowlegs, Lanceolated Warbler, River Warbler, Western Orphean Warbler, Booted Warbler, Blyth’s Reed Warbler, Eyebrowed Thrush, Thrush Nightingale, Red-flanked Bluetail, Isabelline Wheatear, Black-eared Wheatear, Collared Flycatcher, Blyth’s Pipit, Pine Bunting, Rock Bunting, Yellow-breasted Bunting and White-throated Sparrow have all been recorded.

Besides the rarities, Bardsey regularly attracts large numbers of weary migrants during 'fall' conditions in Spring and Autumn, largely a consequence of the fully operational Bardsey Lighthouse. In 2011, for example, a single grounding of migrants resulted in over 1000 Willow Warblers making groundfall on the island in August. In the not-so-distant past, a single attraction of 40,000 Redwings occurred in late October at the end of the last century.

Breeding birds

Bardsey is home to some 26, 000 pairs of Manx Shearwaters, which can be heard on dark nights from mid-March to August. They breed in their excavated burrows, which are scattered all over the island. Chough is the most important species of conservation concern, with between four to eight pairs nesting around the coastal cliffs most years, and a wintering flock of up to 50 individuals. A pair of Peregrines breed on the island, and a 1-2 pair of Ravens also nest most years. There are several species which nest only occasionally, such as Sparrowhawk and Little Owl, along with Afro-Palearctic migrants like Sedge Warbler, Blackcap, Chiffchaff and Willow Warbler. Up to ten pairs of Stonechats can nest in the isolated gorse patches around the island, along with many Linnets and Meadow Pipits. Corncrakes were once a common breeder on the island, although since 1970 there have been no confirmed pairs nesting. In recent years the likes of Lapwing, Yellowhammer, House Sparrow and Starling have also all become extinct as breeding species. In contrast, Shelduck, Puffin, Long-eared Owl, Grasshopper Warbler and Goldcrest have been added to the breeding bird list since 1998.

Ringing

Ringing is a very important part of the observatory’s role on the island. Since 1953, the observatory has ringed over 315,00 birds of 198 species. The highest number ringed in a single year was 1988, with a total of 11, 301 birds ringed of 93 species. There have been many days in the observatory’s history when several hundred birds have been ringed in one day; these occasions have mostly involved breeding seabirds, although these numbers can also easily occur with migrant species.

Lepidoptera

A total of 561 species of moths have been recorded on the island. Bardsey is not an overly good location for scarce moths, although the existence of Thrift Clearwings (Nationally scarce) has been established on the Thrift plants around the coast in recent years, after first being recorded in the years 1980 and 1996. Migrant moths arrive in small numbers every year, for example the annual arrival of Hummingbird Hawkmoths in the autumn; rarer immigrants in the past have included Death’s Head Hawkmoths, Vestals, Crimson Speckled and Red-necked Footman.

In recent years, a greater emphasis has been placed on recording and identifying the so-called ‘micro-moths’, which has resulted in the finding of 41 new species for Bardsey since 2011. In 2012, the coastal subspecies of Eana penziana (E.p.colquhounana) was re-found on the island, which was the first time that this Nationally Scarce species had been recorded on Bardsey since 1966. Apotomis semifasciana is also amongst the scarcer species of micro-moths to inhibit the island (also Nationally Scarce).

Butterflies are present on the island in small numbers, with species such as Common Blue, Small Copper and Small Tortoise-shell being the most common. A scarcer breeding species is the Grayling, which can be found in small numbers on the top of the mountain. Migrant butterflies such as Painted Lady can arrive in their hundreds, although other migrants such as Clouded Yellow and Dark-green Fritillary are quite rare.

Bardsey's Wildlife

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Friday 23 September 2016

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